๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ํ (States of Matter)
Matter can exist in different forms, like solid, liquid, or gas, depending on how its particles are arranged and move. โ๏ธ
๊ฐ๋จ ์๊ฐ
Everything around us is made of matter, and matter can take on different forms. These forms, like solid, liquid, and gas, are called states of matter. Understanding these states helps us predict how materials will behave in different situations, like why ice melts into water and water boils into steam. ๐ง๐ง๐จ
์ฃผ์ ์ค๋ช
Solid: Firm and Fixed ๐งฑ
Solids have a definite shape and volume. Their particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions. Think of a brick; it keeps its shape unless you break it! ๐ช
Liquid: Flows and Fills ๐ง
Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Their particles are close together but can move around. Imagine pouring water into a glass; it takes the shape of the glass. ๐
Gas: Spreads Out Everywhere ๐จ
Gases have no definite shape or volume; they expand to fill whatever space is available. Their particles are far apart and move randomly and quickly. Think about the air we breathe; it's all around us! ๐ฌ๏ธ
Changing States: Adding or Removing Energy ๐ฅโ๏ธ
Matter can change between these states by adding or removing energy, usually in the form of heat. Heating ice (solid) turns it into water (liquid), and further heating turns it into steam (gas). Cooling steam turns it back into water, and then ice. ๐
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- Think about an ice cube (solid) melting into water (liquid) on a warm day, and then the water evaporating (gas) into the air. This shows all three states of water! โ๏ธ
- A metal spoon (solid) stays the same shape whether you put it in a drawer or on the table. Juice (liquid) takes the shape of whatever cup you pour it into. The steam (gas) from a hot shower fills the entire bathroom. ๐ฟ
- Consider a balloon. The balloon itself is a solid. The air inside (gas) fills the entire balloon. If you somehow cooled the air inside *a lot*, it might eventually turn into liquid, though that's very hard to do with air at normal pressures. ๐